600 calorie a day diet weight loss -

600 calorie a day diet weight loss
In our cases of obesity with gastric or duodenal ulcers we have noticed a surprising subjective improvement in spite of a diet which would generally be considered most inappropriate for an ulcer patient. Her dry skin hung loosely over the bones of her face, her neck was scrawny and collarbones and ribs stuck out from deep hollows. have been lost or 40 injections have been given. The patient distinctly feels that something is wrong with her, that a subtle change is taking place in her body, and this alarms her. Thus, when I make what reads like a factual statement, the professional reader may have to translate into: clinical experience seems to suggest that such and such an observation might be tentatively explained by such and such a working hypothesis, requiring a vast amount of further research before the hypothesis can be considered a valid theory. Yet, when highly active sex hormones became available, it was found that their administration had no effect whatsoever on obesity. The so-called stable type of diabetes heavily involves the diencephalic blood sugar regulating center. It never makes women grow a beard or develop a gruff voice. It has been explained that gonadotrophin literally means a sex-gland directed substance or hormone, and this is quite misleading. Thus, the decision whether a borderline case is really suffering from obesity or not cannot be made merely by consulting weight tables. A note is made of the size of the first upper incisor, of a pad of fat on the nape of the neck, at the axilla and on the inside of the knees. Thus, all other factors being equal, a fat person requires more food than a lean one. This in itself is most welcome, but there is the added advantage that the treatment stimulates the secretion of ACTH in a physiological manner and that this regenerates the adrenal cortex, which is apt to suffer under prolonged cortisone treatment. In my experience the only thing that will cure this condition is uninhibited sex, a therapeutic procedure which is hardly ever feasible, for if it were, the patient would have adopted it without professional prompting, nor would this in any way correct the associated obesity. Treatment may also be started later, but it is advisable to have at least ten days in hand before the onset of the next period. Weight alone is not a satisfactory criterion by which to judge whether a person is suffering from the disorder we call obesity or not. As soon as such patients have lost all their abnormal superfluous fat, they at once begin to feel ravenously hungry in spite of continued injections. The onset of obesity dates from the moment the diencephalon adopts this labor-saving ruse. During pregnancy, every ounce of reserve fat is placed at the disposal of the growing fetus. Today we believe that the rise is entirely due to the liberation of recent cholesterol deposits that have not yet undergone calcification in the arterial wall and therefore highly beneficial. On the other hand, we postulate that no deficiency of any of these glands can ever directly produce the common disorder known as obesity. When then suddenly these conditions change and he is free to eat all the food he wants, this is liable to overwhelm his fat-regulating center. As a basis for our discussion we postulate that obesity in all its many forms is due to an abnormal functioning of some part of the body and that every ounce of abnormally accumulated fat is always the result of the same disorder of certain regulatory mechanisms. The reason is that in my experience the lady is nearly always right and the doctor wrong. This most important gland lies well protected in a bony capsule at the base of the skull. Most patients spontaneously report a marked improvement in the condition of brittle fingernails. In the first place, more caloric energy is required to keep a large body at a certain temperature than to heat a small body. Though a pregnant woman can produce as much as one million units per day, we find that the injection of only 125 units per day is ample to reduce weight at the rate of roughly one pound per day, even in a colossus weighing 400 pounds, when associated with a 500- Calorie diet. Most patients who have been struggling with diets for years and know how rapidly they gain if they let themselves go are very hard to convince of the absolute necessity of gorging for at least two days, and yet this must he insisted upon categorically if the further course of treatment is to run smoothly. He counseled against the reducing treatment, but in view of my previous experience and as the patient was very anxious not to postpone reducing, I discussed the matter with the dermatologist and it was agreed that, having fully acquainted the patient with the situation, the treatment should be started. Patients requiring the loss of more than 34 lbs. This change was the institution of regular meals. From this point it was a small step to try the same method in all other forms of obesity. When then the administration of HCG increases the functional capacity of the diencephalon, all demands can be fully satisfied and the sex deficiency is corrected. Such a congenitally low diencephalic capacity would then represent the inherited factor in obesity. The most important associated disorders and the ones in which obesity seems to play a precipitating or at least an aggravating role are the following: the stable type of diabetes, gout, rheumatism and arthritis, high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries, coronary disease and cerebral hemorrhage. When we learned that an abnormal stimulation of the adrenal cortex could produce signs that resemble true obesity, this knowledge furnished no practical means of treating obesity by decreasing the activity of the adrenal cortex. HCG cannot therefore have a direct sex gland stimulating action like that of the anterior pituitary gonadotrophins, as FSH and LSH are justly called. As the years passed these clusters grew bigger and started to amalgamate until, about sixteen years ago, a complete picture became dimly discernible. The clinical results of the new treatment have been published in scientific journal and these reports have been generally well received by the profession, but the very nature of a scientific article does not permit the full presentation of new theoretical concepts nor is there room to discuss the finer points of technique and the reasons for observing them. We now give 2 tablets daily of ZYLORIC to all patients who give a history of gout and have a high blood uric acid level. It is a particularly interesting feature of the HCG treatment that in reasonably cooperative patients this figure is remarkably constant, regardless of sex, age and degree of overweight. When the skin is stretched by fat rapidly accumulating under it, it may split in the lower layers. ) at a time. Two hormones known in the female as follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and corpus luteum stimulating hormone (LSH) are secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. HCG has been known for over half a century. But when an obese patient with an abnormally high cholesterol and already showing signs of arteriosclerosis is treated with HCG, his blood pressure drops and his coronary circulation seems to improve, and yet his total blood cholesterol may soar to heights never before reached. Unless this is so, we are entitled to harbor grave doubts as to whether a given treatment corrects the underlying disorder. Somehow, somewhere this surplus had to be stored. The degree of overweight is then calculated, and from this the duration of treatment can be roughly assessed on the basis of an average loss of weight of a little less than a pound, say 300-400 grams-per injection, per day. Thyroid medication merely forces the body to consume its normal fat reserves, which are already depleted in obese patients, and then to break down structurally essential fat without touching the abnormal deposits. There was a time, not so long ago, when obesity was considered a sign of health and prosperity in man and of beauty, amorousness and fecundity in women. After 40 daily injections it takes about six weeks before this so called immunity is lost and HCG again becomes fully effective. The first is that the fat-banking capacity is abnormally low from birth. This seems an important indication of how closely a patient under HCG treatment resembles a pregnant woman in diencephalic behavior. Even seemingly insignificant deviations, particularly those that at first sight seem to be an improvement, are very liable to produce most disappointing results and even annul the effect completely. While the majority of obese patients have a perfectly normal thyroid gland and some even have an overactive thyroid, one also occasionally sees a case with a real thyroid deficiency. However we have seen two cases with a previous history of several hemorrhages in which a bleeding occurred within 2 weeks of the end of treatment. Those who tried were obliged to gain their own experience through the many trials and errors which I have long since overcome. It would be no more clumsy, and certainly far more appropriate, if HCG were henceforth called chorionic diencephalotrophin. This picture was, and still is, dotted with gaps for which I cannot find the pieces, but I do now feel that a theoretical structure is visible as a whole. When a male patient hears that he is about to be put into a condition which in some respects resembles pregnancy, he is usually shocked and horrified. We do a blood-count and a sedimentation rate and estimate uric acid, cholesterol, iodine and sugar in the fasting blood. An affectionate attachment to abnormal fat is usually seen in patients who became obese in childhood, but this is not necessarily so. Many of the expressions used mean something entirely different to a qualified doctor than that which their common use implies, and only a physician can correctly interpret the symptoms which may arise during treatment. It is also surprising to what extent a woman can suffer from pregnancy-vomiting without coming to any real harm. The pressure is then let off through another primitive channel, which is oral gratification. An identical behavior is found in the blood uric acid level of patients suffering from gout. In dealing with a disorder in which the patient must take an active part in the treatment, it is, I believe, essential that he or she have an understanding of what is being done and why. At that time we knew very little about the function of the diencephalon, and my interest centered round the pituitary gland. In any case, the whole gain is usually lost in the first 48 hours of dieting. During the 16 years that have elapsed since I first published my findings, I have had many hundreds of inquiries from research institutes, doctors and patients. Refusing to be side-tracked by an all too facile interpretation of obesity, I have always held that overeating is the result of the disorder, not its cause, and that we can make little. It is also made clear that between courses the patient gets no treatment and is free to eat anything he pleases except starches and sugar during the first 3 weeks. The only sexual change it can bring about after puberty is an improvement of a pre-existing deficiency, but never a stimulation beyond the normal. When a person suffers a long period of privation, be it due to chronic illness, poverty, famine or the exigencies of war, his diencephalic regulations adjust themselves to some extent to the low food intake. The normal weight for his height, age, skeletal and muscular build is established from tables of statistical averages, whereby in women it is often necessary to make an allowance for particularly large and heavy breasts. It seems that HCG brings about this continual saturation of the blood, which is the reason why obese patients under treatment with HCG never feel hungry in spite of their drastically reduced food intake. (15 Kg. Only then can there be intelligent cooperation between physician and patient. This is a very essential part of the treatment, because if they start eating normally as long as there is even a trace of HCG in their body they put on weight alarmingly at the end of the treatment. In pregnancy the needs of the growing embryo take care of this to some extent, but in the treatment of obesity there is no embryo, and so a very severe dietary restriction must take its place for the duration of treatment. These patients have their meals, sleep, and attend the clinic in the hospital, but are otherwise free to spend their time as they please in the city and its surroundings sightseeing, bathing or theater-going. Similarly, when a person, grown up in a cold climate, is transferred to a tropical country and continues to eat as before, he may develop obesity because in the heat far less fuel is required to maintain the normal body temperature. It comes on in attacks and is never associated with real hunger, a fact which is readily admitted by the patients. It is necessary to proceed in this manner because the gain re-stocks the depleted normal reserves, whereas the subsequent loss is from the abnormal deposits only. The blood sugar continues to drop from day to day and often reaches normal values in 2-3 weeks. In this way it is possible to bring about a weight reduction of 100 lbs. Such normal reserves are localized all over the body. It cannot he sufficiently emphasized that HCG is not sex-hormone, that its action is identical in men, women, children and in those cases in which the sex-glands no longer function owing to old age or their surgical removal. On the other hand, among the thousands of cases treated, we have never seen any untoward incident which could be attributed to the rather sudden drop in high blood pressure. From an evolutionary point of view it is one of the oldest organs in our body and its evolutionary history dates back more than 500 million years. It has an enormous protective importance for mother and child, and I even go so far as to say that no woman, and certainly not an obese one, could carry her pregnancy to term without it. Buried deep down in the massive human brain there is a part which we have in common with all vertebrate animals the so-called diencephalon. I immediately thought of cancer and decided to which of my colleagues at the hospital I would refer her. But there is still a third way in which obesity can become established, and that is when a presumably normal fat-center is suddenly — the emphasis is on suddenly — called upon to deal with an enormous influx of food far in excess of momentary requirements. She can drastically reduce her diet without feeling hunger or discomfort and lose weight without in any way harming the child in her womb. This means that once obesity has become established, it can no more be cured by eliminating those factors which brought it on than a fire can be extinguished by removing the cause of the conflagration. The interesting point is that the treatment was able to postpone this result but not to prevent it. The first was that when fresh pregnancy-urine from the female ward was given in quantities of about 300 cc. In this way a patient may be brought to the brink of starvation in spite of having a hundred pounds of fat to spare. A second course can be started after an interval of not less than six weeks, though the pause can be more than six weeks. There must thus be some other mechanism at work. It is the accumulation of such fat, and of such fat only, from which the overweight patient suffers. In many of these cases the low BMR is not due to any intrinsic deficiency of the thyroid gland, but rather to a lack of diencephalic stimulation of the thyroid gland via the anterior pituitary lobe. Patients in a satisfactory general condition and those who have not just previously restricted their diet start forced feeding on the day of the first injection. Patients who need only 23 injections may be injected daily, including Sundays, as they never develop immunity. It is very impressive to see the suffering of a woman who has continued her diet for a day or two beyond the end of the period without coming for her injection and then to hear the next day that all hunger ceased within a few hours after the injection and to see her once again content, florid and cheerful. by retention enema, as good results could be obtained as by injecting the pure substance. Search the site and manuscript using the search menu above, or to answer some of the most common questions, view our FAQ. Quite recently, however, a fat-mobilizing factor has been found in pituitary glands, but it is still too early to say whether this factor is destined to play a role in the treatment of obesity. The second way in which obesity can become established is the lowering of a previously normal fat-banking capacity owing to some other diencephalic disorder. Recently, many students of obesity have reverted to the nihilistic attitude that obesity is caused simply by overeating and that it can only be cured by under eating. However, it was very soon discovered that the identical syndrome, though running a less fulminating course, was quite common in patients whose pituitary gland was perfectly normal. if this occurs before the 40 injections are up. With mounting experience, more and more facts seemed to fit snugly into the new framework, and when then a treatment based on such speculations showed consistently satisfactory results, I was sure that some practical advance had been made, regardless of whether the theoretical interpretation of these results is correct or not. The bodily signs may be divided into such as have developed before puberty, indicating a strong inherited factor, and those which develop at the onset of manifest disorder. And that is one of the most frustrating and depressing experiences a human being can have. In answer to my query as to what I could do for her, she replied that she wanted to reduce. It dates from the early days when it was first found that HCG is able to render infantile sex glands mature, whereby it was entirely overlooked that it has no stimulating effect whatsoever on normally developed and normally functioning sex-glands. It must also be able to withstand the onslaught of all hitherto known clinical facts and furnish a hard background against which the results of treatment can be accurately assessed. There seems to be rather a lack of adrenocortical function and a decrease in the secretion of ACTH from the anterior pituitary lobe. The elimination of factors which are clearly hastening the course of the disorder may slow down its progress or even halt it, but they can never correct it. Recently, a long series of brilliant discoveries concerning the working of the adrenal or suprarenal glands, small bodies which sit atop the kidneys, have created tremendous interest. Apart from that, the only thing it did in the experimental laboratory was to produce precocious rats, and that was not particularly stimulating to further research at a time when much more thrilling endocrinological discoveries were pouring in from all sides, sweeping, HCG into the stiller back waters. Usually after about 40 injections patients may feel the onset of immunity as hunger which was previously absent. Once this trail was opened, further observations seemed to fall into line. We have grown pretty sure that the tendency to accumulate abnormal fat is a very definite metabolic disorder, much as is, for instance, diabetes. Another typical sign is a pad of fat on the insides of the knees, a spot where normal fat reserves are never stored. This book discusses a new interpretation of the nature of obesity, and while it does not advocate yet another fancy slimming diet it does describe a method of treatment which has grown out of theoretical considerations based on clinical observation. And then, as in a jig saw puzzle, little clusters of fragments began to form, though they seemed to fit in nowhere. It was also perfectly evident that only abnormal fat was being consumed, as there were no signs of any depletion of normal fat. I must warn the lay reader that what follows is mainly for the treating physician and most certainly not a do-it-yourself primer. Those in whom the disorder is severe will accumulate fat very rapidly, those in whom it is moderate will gradually increase in weight and those in whom it is mild may be able to keep their excess weight stationary for long periods. When such a patient is carefully examined one finds many signs of potential obesity, which is just about to become manifest as overweight. In these many years of specialized work thousands of cases have passed through my hands and were carefully studied. Obese patients are generally suffering from the stable type, but a stable type may gradually change into a brittle one, which is usually associated with a loss of weight. What it must do is to give us an intellectually satisfying interpretation of what is happening in the obese body. In dealing with obese patients it became a habit to register and order every clinical experience as if it were an odd looking piece of a jig-saw puzzle. When then obese patients are accused of cheating, gluttony, lack of will power, greed and sexual complexes, the strong become indignant and decide that modern medicine is a fraud and its representatives fools, while the weak just give up the struggle in despair. On the days on which they do not receive the injections they usually feel a slight sensation of hunger. Here, too, there is a similarity with pregnancy, in which peptic ulcers hardly ever occur. In the male an excessive accumulation of fat in the breasts is always indicative, while in the female the breast is usually, but not necessarily, large. The sex glands could therefore not be the seat of the disorder. There is a triangular fatty bulge in front of the armpit when the arm is held against the body. If I can be forgiven for comparing my fellow-endocrinologists with wicked Godmothers, HCG has certainly been their Cinderella, and I can only romantically hope that its extraordinary effect on abnormal fat will prove to be its Fairy Godmother. When sexual deficiency is clinically present, this is a sign that the diencephalic center concerned is unable, in spite of maximal exertion, to cope with the demand for anterior pituitary stimulation. Persons suffering from this particular disorder will get fat regardless of whether they eat excessively, normally or less than normal. Only if these conditions are fulfilled can we legitimately speak of curing obesity rather than of reducing weight. Some complicating disorders are often associated with obesity, and these we must briefly discuss. This is even so in those patients who have been taking thyroid because they had an abnormally low basal metabolic rate. Assuming that in man such a center controlling the movement of fat does exist, its function would have to be much like that of a bank. As it does after pregnancy, the pain of deformed joints returns after treatment, but smaller doses of pain-relieving drugs seem able to control it satisfactorily after weight reduction. She sat down in front of my desk, and when I looked up to greet her I saw the typical picture of advanced emaciation. Under the influence of the HCG which circulates in enormous quantities in her body during pregnancy, her diencephalic banking capacity seems to be unlimited, and abnormal fixed deposits are never formed. Only then are the patients free to eat anything they please except sugar and starches for the next three weeks. The history of this enquiry is a long series of high hopes and bitter disappointments. All normal fat reserves are in such a current account, and it is probable that a diencephalic center manages the deposits and withdrawals. Much misunderstanding about the supposed role of the thyroid gland in obesity is still met with, and it is now really high time that thyroid preparations be once and for all struck off the list of remedies for obesity. When a patient has more than 15 pounds to lose the treatment takes longer but the maximum we give in a single course is 40 injections, nor do we as a rule allow patients to lose more than 34 lbs. The expert will grumble about long-windedness while the lay-reader may occasionally have to look up an unfamiliar word in the glossary provided for him. They work out a pattern of life in which their obesity plays a determining role and then become reluctant to upset this pattern and face a new kind of life which will be entirely different after their figure has become normal and often very attractive. Mulling over this depressing situation, I remembered a rather curious observation made many years ago in India. There was not even a pointer showing a direction in which pharmacological research could move to find a drug that had such a specific action. In the first place we are merely assuming that the capacity of the fat center is normal while it is possible and even probable that only persons who have some inherited trait in this direction can become obese merely by overeating. This rule need not be observed in such patients who have reached their normal weight before the end of treatment and are already on a higher caloric diet. Very advanced cases do a little better than early ones, but it is a remarkable fact that this difference is only just statistically significant. The fat they have come to detest stays on and the fat they need to cover their bones gets less and less. In many of these cases psychotherapy can be helpful, as it enables these patients to see the whole situation in the full light of consciousness. In a person eating coarse and unrefined food, the digestion is slow and only a little nourishment at a time is assimilated from the intestinal tract. Cholesterol circulates in two forms, which we call free and esterified. Some fat girls look upon their condition as a safeguard against erotic involvements, of which they are afraid. The physician must therefore carefully explain that this does not mean that he will be feminized and that HCG in no way interferes with his sex. Moreover, any claim that the disorder has been corrected must be substantiated by the ability of the patient to eat normally of any food he pleases without regaining abnormal fat after treatment. Indeed, I felt a little annoyed that my assistant had not explained to her that her case did not fall under my specialty. All rheumatic pains, even those associated with demonstrable bony lesions, improve subjectively within a few days of treatment, and often require neither cortisone nor salicylates. In all other cases the best psychotherapy can do in the usual treatment of obesity is to render the burden of hunger and never-ending dietary restrictions slightly more tolerable. Yet every physician who has studied obese patients under rigorously controlled conditions knows that this is not true. At the end of a treatment lasting five weeks, she, a small woman, had lost 8 inches round her hips, while her face looked fresh and florid, the ribs were no longer visible and her weight was the same to the ounce as it had been at the first consultation. There are thus a large number of ways in which obesity can be initiated, though the disorder itself is always due to the same mechanism, an inadequacy of the diencephalic fat-center and the laying down of abnormally fixed fat deposits in abnormal places. A brittle case of diabetes is primarily due to the inability of the pancreas to produce sufficient insulin, while in the stable type, diencephalic regulations seem to be of greater importance. When this brake is removed the anterior pituitary enormously increases its output of these sex-gland stimulating hormones, though they are now no longer effective. If the daily dose of HCG is raised to 200 or more units daily its action often appears to be reversed, possibly because larger doses evoke diencephalic counter-regulations. In general, men do slightly better than women and often reach a somewhat higher average daily loss. In those that take 40 injections the onset of immunity can be delayed if they are given only six injections a week, leaving out Sundays or any other day they choose, provided that it is always the same day. As soon as their statistically normal weight is reached, these patients are put on 800-1000 Calories for the rest of the treatment. At first this seemed an utterly hopeless undertaking. The anterior pituitary is in turn governed by the diencephalon, and so when there is an ovarian deficiency the diencephalic center concerned is hard put to correct matters by increasing the secretion from the anterior pituitary of FSH or LSH, as the case may be. In obesity this balance is out of kilter and can only be restored if the technique I am about to describe is followed implicitly. In manifest obesity many and often all these signs and symptoms are present. This abnormal fat is also a potential reserve of fuel, but unlike the normal reserves it is not available to the body in a nutritional emergency. One cannot keep a patient comfortably on 500 Calories unless his normal fat reserves are reasonably well stocked. While a person who is statistically underweight may still be suffering from the disorder which causes obesity, it is also possible for a person to be statistically overweight without suffering from obesity. I have yet to see a patient who continues to complain after the figure has been rendered normal by adequate treatment. It neither makes men grow breasts nor does it interfere with their virility, though where this was deficient it may improve it. They may feel ashamed of what they have been led to believe is a lack of control. Such disorders are, for instance, colitis, duodenal or gastric ulcers, certain allergies, psoriasis, loss of hair, brittle fingernails, migraine, etc. Instead Of Lifting Weights, This Mom Lifts Her Baby And Toddler Fitness for the whole family. When the total amount of circulating cholesterol is normal before treatment, this absolute amount is neither significantly increased nor decreased. Were this not so, an obese woman, whose normal reserves are already depleted, would have the greatest difficulties in bringing her pregnancy to full term. When an obese patient tries to reduce by starving himself, he will first lose his normal fat reserves. It is entirely the result of the elimination of a mucoid substance, called myxedema, which the body accumulates when there is a marked primary thyroid deficiency. Whether obesity is caused by a marked inherited deficiency of the fat-center or by some entirely different diencephalic regulatory disorder, its insurgence obviously has nothing to do with overeating and in either case obesity is certain to develop regardless of dietary restrictions. A woman may gain weight during pregnancy, but she never becomes obese in the strict sense of the word. Wherever abnormal fat was regarded as an asset, sexual selection tended to propagate the trait. The middle-age spread in men and the tendency of many women to put on weight in the menopause seemed to indicate a causal connection between diminishing sex function and overweight. During the last war about 6000 grossly underfed Polish refugees who had spent harrowing years in Russia were transferred to a camp in India where they were well housed, given normal British army rations and some cash to buy a few extras. It is no exaggeration to say that the flooding of the female body with HCG is by far the most spectacular hormonal event in pregnancy. For those of us who refused to be discouraged there remained one slight hope. In menstruating women, the best time to start treatment is immediately after a period. But invariably the results were disappointing and lacking in uniformity. There certainly can be no doubt that in my clinic more time is spent on damping over-enthusiasm than on insisting that the rules of the treatment be observed. HCG acts exclusively at a diencephalic level and there brings about a considerable increase in the functional capacity of all those centers which are working at maximum capacity. must have a second or even more courses. With this request we flatly refuse to comply, first, because we undertake to cure a disorder, not to create a new one, and second, because it is in the nature of the HCG method that it is self limiting. One might therefore reason that if a fat person eats only the additional food his body requires he should be able to keep his weight stationary. Doctors from all over the world have come to Italy to study the method, first hand in my clinic in the Salvator Mundi International Hospital in Rome. It took a few hundred cases to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the mechanism operates in exactly the same way and seemingly without exception in every case of obesity. They are masters of their weight, which the obese are not. This is particularly so because giving thyroid gland to an obese patient whose thyroid is either normal or overactive, besides being useless, is decidedly dangerous. At confinement she is suddenly deprived of HCG, and her diencephalic fat-center reverts to its normal capacity. The other common factor is that they either improve or do not occur during pregnancy. Film actresses frequently explain that they must weigh less than normal. But then we saw that the patients came to no harm even if treatment was continued and we found in follow-up examinations undertaken some months after treatment that the cholesterol was much better than it had been before treatment. Normally these fractions are present in a proportion of about 25% free to 75% esterified cholesterol, and it is the latter fraction which damages the walls of the arteries. If they are intelligent, popular and successful in spite of their handicap, this is a source of pride. On the other hand, compulsive eating does occur in some obese patients, particularly in girls in their late teens or early twenties. Though they were not restricted in diet, there was a distinct decrease in the circumference of their hips. He must be made to understand that in the interest of the propagation of the species nature provides for a perfect functioning of the regulatory headquarters in the diencephalon during pregnancy and that we are merely using this natural safeguard as a means of correcting the diencephalic disorder which is responsible for his overweight. In the course of this study three interesting things emerged. If obesity is always due to one very specific diencephalic deficiency, it follows that the only way to cure it is to correct this deficiency. In latent or just beginning cases some are always found, and it should be a rule that if two or more of the bodily signs are present, the case must be regarded as one that needs immediate help. Even their sudden desire for sweets is merely the result of the experience that sweets, pastries and alcohol will most rapidly of all foods allay the pangs of hunger. I have never yet seen or heard of such a lady being convinced by either procedure. There may be a fold of skin over the pubic area and another fold may stretch round both sides of the chest, where a loose roll of fat can be picked up between two fingers. Jutting out from a tiny waist she had enormous hips and thighs. Needless to say, this does not apply to those cases in which a thyroid deficiency has been produced by the surgical removal of a part of an overactive gland.


Some have a feeling that reducing means giving up an almost cherished and intimate part of themselves. Every new theory, every new method, every promising lead was considered, experimentally screened and critically evaluated as soon as it became known. It would only raise new and often greater problems if used as a therapeutic measure. Our dermatologist diagnosed the case as a particularly severe one, predicting that all the hair would be lost. The only exception we make is in the case of grotesquely obese patients who may be allowed to lose an additional 5-6 lbs. Just as a banker might suggest to a wealthy client that instead of accumulating a large and unmanageable current account he should invest his surplus capital, the body appears to establish a fixed deposit into which all surplus funds go but from which they can no longer be withdrawn by the procedure used in a current account. Yet once that has happened, no amount of psychotherapy or analysis, happiness, company or the gratification of other instincts will correct the condition. Clinically this expresses itself, in the fact that, when in these mild cases, treatment is stopped as soon as the weight is normal, which may be achieved in a week, it is much more easily regained than after a full course of 23 injections. In pre-Neolithic times, man ate only when he was hungry and on1y as much as he required to still the pangs of hunger. The second type of fat is a normal reserve of fuel upon which the body can freely draw when the nutritional income from the intestinal tract is insufficient to meet the demand. Such early cases are common among actresses, models, and persons who are tired of obesity, having seen its ravages in other members of their family. They feel famished and tired and their face becomes drawn and haggard, but their belly, hips, thighs and upper arms show little improvement. It has a vast number of functions in the body, among which is the regulation of all the other important endocrine glands. It is, so to speak, locked away in a fixed deposit and is not kept in a current account, as are the normal reserves. Treating them for obesity is a heartrending job. It is only then that the abnormally accumulated fat is locked away again in a fixed deposit. Food rendered easily digestible suddenly flooded his body with nourishment of which he was in no need at the moment. In many cases striation is so fine that the small white lines are only just visible. Variations in form would then be partly a matter of degree, partly an inherited bodily constitution and partly the result of a secondary involvement of endocrine glands such as the pituitary, the thyroid, the adrenals or the sex glands. Similarly, a high blood pressure present before HCG treatment tends to rise again after the treatment is over, though this is not always the case. The extra three days are needed because all patients must continue the 500-Calorie diet for three days after the last injection. No end of injustice is done to obese patients by accusing them of compulsive eating, which is a form of diverted sex gratification. Actresses with a slight tendency to obesity, having tried all manner of reducing methods, invariably come to the conclusion that their figure is satisfactory only when they are underweight, simply because none of these methods remove their superfluous fat deposits. Between a second and third course eight weeks should elapse, between a third and fourth course twelve weeks, between a fourth and fifth course twenty weeks and between a fifth and sixth course six months. It has also long been known that the destruction of another diencephalic center produces a voracious appetite and a rapid gain in weight in animals which never get fat spontaneously. I have tried to keep up with these demands by correspondence, but the volume of this work has become unmanageable and that is one excuse for writing this book. If things should happen to work out that way, it is better to give the last injection three days before the expected date of the menses so that a normal diet can he resumed at onset. In order to cope with this additional burden the center appears to draw more and more energy away from other centers, such as those concerned with emotional stability, the blood circulation (hot flushes) and other autonomous nervous regulations, particularly also from the not so vitally important fat-bank. There is some evidence to suggest that the change from stable to brittle is more liable to occur in patients who are taking insulin for their stable diabetes. There are a number of signs and symptoms which are characteristic of obesity. To make the text more readable I shall be unashamedly authoritative and avoid all the hedging and tentativeness with which it is customary to express new scientific concepts grown out of clinical experience and not as yet confirmed by clear-cut laboratory experiments. The 5-Move Before-Breakfast Workout You Can Do At Home Start your day with this energizing total-body routine. I remember the case of a lady who was escorted into my consulting room while I was telephoning. What its evolution did not prepare it for were the conditions to which human culture and civilization now expose it. As often happens in medicine, much confusion has been caused by giving HCG its name before its true mode of action was understood. A careful enquiry into what may have brought on such an attack almost invariably reveals that it is preceded by a strong unresolved sex-stimulation, the higher centers of the brain having blocked primitive diencephalic instinct gratification. The second was that small daily doses appeared to be just as effective as much larger ones given twice a week. It is not suited to occasional gorging as is, for instance, the intestine of the carnivorous cat family. They do perfectly well between attacks, but a single bout occurring while under treatment may annul several weeks of therapy. As in pregnancy, psoriasis greatly improves during treatment but may relapse when the treatment is over. It was therefore not unreasonable to suppose that the complex operation of storing and issuing fuel to the body might also be controlled by the diencephalon. The treatment is stopped when either 34 lbs. While we know that no stomach ever shrinks, we compromise by insisting that they eat frequently of highly concentrated foods such as milk chocolate, pastries with whipped cream sugar, fried meats (particularly pork), eggs and bacon, mayonnaise, bread with thick butter and jam, etc. Thus, when an obese diabetic finds that he is losing weight without diet or treatment, he should at once have his diabetes expertly attended to. This has tendered it extraordinarily adaptable to all natural exigencies, and that is one of the main reasons why the human species was able to evolve. This is commonly seen in the poor man who suddenly becomes rich enough to buy the more expensive refined foods, though his total caloric intake remains the same or is even less than before. They are not accustomed as we are, to think thyroid, insulin, cortisone, adrenalin etc, as hormones. Patients suffering from real compulsive eating are comparatively rare. Moreover, much of his food was raw and all of it was unrefined. The drop is often very rapid, so rapid in fact that it sometimes is advisable to slow down the process with pressure sustaining medication until the circulation has had a few days time to adjust itself to the new situation. This has nothing to do with diverted instincts. Remembering this, it occurred to me that the change in shape could only be explained by a movement of fat away from abnormal deposits on the hips, and if that were so there was just a chance that while such fat was in transition it might be available to the body as fuel. When a patient first presents himself for treatment, we take a general history and note the time when the first signs of overweight were observed. At one time it was thought that this mechanism might be concerned with the sex glands. 13 Amazing Bodyweight Exercises You Can Do At Home Five-star moves you can do without any equipment. But they have a primitive feeling of animal content which turns to misery and suffering as soon as they make a resolute attempt to reduce. When large and fresh, such tears are purple, but later they are transformed into white scar-tissue. Secondly, in many of these cases the amount of food eaten remains the same and it is only the consumption of fuel which is suddenly decreased, as when an athlete is confined to bed for many weeks with a broken bone or when a man leading a highly active life is suddenly tied to his desk in an office and to television at home. The administration of HCG does in fact do this in a remarkable way. As the increase is mostly in the form of the not dangerous free cholesterol, we gradually came to welcome the phenomenon. Their skin wrinkles and they look old and miserable. The patient has now grown a new shock of hair of which she is justly proud. In the menopause and after castration the hormones previously produced in the sex-glands no longer circulate in the body. A person who is free of the disorder will never get fat, even if he frequently overeats. Structural fat also performs such important functions as bedding the kidneys in soft elastic tissue, protecting the coronary arteries and keeping the skin smooth and taut. Thus, a lonely and unhappy person deprived of all emotional comfort and of all instinct gratification except the stilling of hunger and thirst can use these as outlets for pent up instinct pressure and so develop obesity. Some patients are deeply attached to their fat and cannot bear the thought of losing it. It is only during pregnancy that fixed fat deposits can be transferred back into the normal current account and freely drawn upon to make up for any nutritional deficit. If this reasoning is correct, it follows that a treatment aimed at curing the disorder must be equally effective in both sexes, at all ages and in all forms of obesity. Thus any weight loss brought about by thyroid medication is always at the expense of fat of which the body is in dire need. When these are exhausted he begins to burn up structural fat, and only as a last resort will the body yield its abnormal reserves, though by that time the patient usually feels so weak and hungry that the diet is abandoned. The diet is arranged in such a way that the weight remains perfectly stationary and is thus continued for three days after the 23rd injection. There is considerable evidence to suggest that it is the HCG produced in large quantities in the placenta which brings about this diencephalic change. This Medicine Ball Workout Will Challenge Your Butt Like Never Before Legs shaking, glutes quaking. We have since treated non obese patients suffering from varicose ulcers with daily injections of HCG on normal diet with equally good results. Normal values are always regained a few days after the treatment is over. The first is the structural fat which fills the gaps between various organs, a sort of packing material. It seems that even in the mildest cases of obesity the diencephalon requires about three weeks rest from the maximal exertion to which it has been previously subjected in order to regain fully its normal fat-banking capacity. Such striation, as it is called, commonly occurs on the abdomen of women during pregnancy, but in obesity it is frequently found on the breasts, the hips and occasionally on the shoulders. When a woman suffering from high blood pressure becomes pregnant her blood pressure very soon drops, but after her confinement it may gradually rise back to its former level. You can download a PDF version of the document here. The greatest obstacle was that one could hardly hope to correct an inherited trait localized deep inside the brain, and while we did possess a number of drugs whose point of action was believed to be in the diencephalon, none of them had the slightest effect on the fat-center. The diencephalon is the part from which the central nervous system controls all the automatic animal functions of the body, such as breathing, the heart beat, digestion, sleep, sex, the urinary system, the autonomous or vegetative nervous system and via the pituitary the whole interplay of the endocrine glands. The average loss of weight is calculated on the number of effective injections and from the weight reached on the day of the third injection which may be well above what it was two days earlier when the first injection was given. After three days when all the HCG has been eliminated this does not happen, because the blood is then no longer saturated with food and can thus accommodate an extra influx from the intestines without increasing its volume by retaining water. Early signs are a disproportionately large size of the two upper front teeth, the first incisor, or a dimple on both sides of the sacral bone just above the buttocks. In these cases I have found that psychotherapy may make the patient fully understand the mechanism, but it does nothing to stop it. From that moment on she is suffering from obesity and is subject to all its consequences. Fat is a substance which packs the highest caloric value into the smallest space so that normal reserves of fuel for muscular activity and the maintenance of body temperature can be most economically stored in this form. Whether a patient is really suffering from compulsive eating or not is hard to decide before treatment because many obese patients think that their desire for food — to them unmotivated — is due to compulsive eating, while all the time it is merely a greater need for food. I felt that we were merely nibbling at the fringe of a great problem, as, indeed, do most serious students of overweight. The reason for limiting a course to 40 injections is that by then some patients may begin to show signs of HCG immunity. We try to establish the highest weight the patient has ever had in his life (obviously excluding pregnancy), when this was, and what measures have hitherto been taken in an effort to reduce. But although a large number of pituitary hormones have been isolated and many extracts of the gland prepared, not a single one or any combination of such factors proved to be of any value in the treatment of obesity. But the former high levels are rarely reached, and we have gathered the impression that such relapses respond better to orthodox drugs such as Reserpine than before treatment. The behavior of circulating cholesterol is therefore of particular interest during the treatment of obesity with HCG. Patients whose general condition is low, owing to excessive previous dieting, must eat to capacity for about one week before starting treatment, regardless of how much weight they may gain in the process. Yet the localization and the nature of this disorder remained a mystery. It is a fundamental mistake to put a patient on 500 Calories as soon as the injections are started, as it seems to take about three injections before abnormally deposited fat begins to circulate and thus become available. Both these types of fat, structural and reserve, are normal, and even if the body stocks them to capacity this can never be called obesity. In the presence of normally functioning sex-glands their hormones act as a brake on the secretion of the sex-gland stimulating hormones of the anterior pituitary. When a third, fourth or even fifth course is necessary, the interval between courses should be made progressively longer. All patients that live in Rome or have resident friends or relations with whom they can stay are treated as out-patients, but patients coming from abroad must stay in the hospital, as no hotel or restaurant can be relied upon to prepare the diet with sufficient accuracy. That is possibly the reason why the stable form responds so well to the HCG method of treating obesity, whereas the brittle type does not. In the absence of any response from the non-functioning or missing sex glands, there is nothing to stop the anterior pituitary from producing more and more of these hormones. Owing to the fact that HCG has no direct action on any endocrine gland, its enormous importance in pregnancy has been overlooked and its potency underestimated. It also became known that in these cases the sex organs could he developed by giving the patients injections of a substance extracted from the urine of pregnant women, it having been shown that when this substance was injected into sexually immature rats it made them precociously mature. In those comparatively rare cases in which signs of immunity develop before the full course of 40 injections has been completed-say at the 35th injection- treatment must be stopped at once, because if it is continued the patients begin to look weary and drawn, feel weak and hungry and any further loss of weight achieved is then always at the expense of normal fat. It is also most important to ascertain whether the patient has taken diuretics (water eliminating pills) as this also decreases the weight loss under the HCG regimen. I have stressed this point only for the sake of my lay readers, because, it is our daily experience that when patients hear the word hormone they immediately jump to the conclusion that this must have something to do with the sex- sphere. Those that suffer from real compulsive eating continue to have such attacks, while those who are not compulsive eaters never get an attack during treatment. Such a connection was suggested by the fact that many juvenile obese patients show an under-development of the sex organs. Thirdly, and that is the observation that concerns us here, when such patients were given small daily doses they seemed to lose their ravenous appetite though they neither gained nor lost weight. That this is the true mechanism underlying the presumed gonadotrophic action of HCG is confirmed by the fact that when the pituitary gland of infantile rats is removed before they are given HCG, the latter has no effect on their sex-glands. In the early Neolithic times another change took place which may well account for the fact that today nearly all inherited dispositions sooner or later develop into manifest obesity. While there are great variations in the severity of obesity, we shall consider all the different forms in both sexes and at all ages as always being due to the same disorder. What I have to say is an essence of views distilled out of forty years of grappling with the fundamental problems of obesity, its causes, its symptoms, and its very nature. The time and trouble spent on pressing this point upon incredulous or reluctant patients is always amply rewarded afterwards by the complete absence of those difficulties which patients who have disregarded these instructions are liable to experience. In such cases, treatment with thyroid brings about a small loss of weight, but this is not due to the loss of any abnormal fat. It is just for this reason that obese patients complain that when they diet they lose the wrong fat. The reason is simply that none of these measures corrects the basic disorder. For instance, if the diet is increased from 500 to 600 or 700 Calories, the loss of weight is quite unsatisfactory. They may feel guilty, owing to the lethargy and indolence always associated with obesity. When the blood pressure is abnormally high, and provided there are no detectable renal lesions, the pressure drops, as it usually does in pregnancy. Moreover, their excess fat shows no preference for certain typical regions of the body, as does the fat in all cases of obesity. , is only temporary and will be rapidly regained as soon as the reducing regimen is relaxed. They may feel horrified by the appearance of their nude body and the tightness of their clothes. Thus a discussion of the various ways in which obesity can become established is useful from a preventative point of view, but it has no bearing on the treatment of the established condition. In these cases the blood pressure rises to normal values at the beginning of treatment and then very gradually drops, as it always does in patients with a normal blood pressure. Once a fixed deposit has been established the normal fat reserves are held at a minimum, while every available surplus is locked away in the fixed deposit and is therefore taken out of normal circulation. They are always a sure sign of obesity, and though this may be slight at the time of examination such patients can usually remember a period in their childhood when they were excessively chubby. It is for this reason also that every case, even those that are actually gaining must eat to capacity of the most fattening food they can get down until they have had the third injection. On the contrary, most patients complained that the two meals of 250 Calories each were more than they could manage, as they continually had a feeling of just having had a large meal. Hitherto I could only refer those interested to my scientific papers, though I realized that these did not contain sufficient information to enable doctors to conduct the new treatment satisfactorily. This situation causes an excessive strain on the diencephalic center which controls the function of the anterior pituitary. It is made clear to him that during the course of treatment he must attend the clinic daily to be weighed, injected and generally checked. Today obesity is extremely common among all civilized races, because a disposition to the disorder can be inherited. The next gland to be falsely incriminated was the anterior lobe of the pituitary, or hypophysis. If we can from the outset establish this as a mutually accepted convention, I hope to avoid being accused of speculative exuberance. For such persons weight is no problem, as they can gain or lose at will and experience no difficulty in reducing their caloric intake. Though this phenomenon is well known, we cannot as yet define the underlying mechanism. When they see that under HCG their figure improves out of all proportion to the amount of weight lost, they are nearly always content to remain within their normal weight-range. The muscular effort consumes Calories which must be provided by food. The exact extent to which the blood cholesterol is involved in hardening of the arteries, high blood pressure and coronary disease is not as yet known, but it is now widely admitted that the blood cholesterol level is governed by diencephalic mechanisms. This animal chorionic gonadotrophin is much less rapidly broken down in the human body than HCG, and it is also less suitable for the treatment of obesity. Read More This Legs Exercise Does Amazing Things For Your Butt, Thighs, And Abs Now let me see you one, two step. In any case, the HCG method makes it possible in obese arthritic patients to interrupt prolonged cortisone treatment without a recurrence of pain. It becomes completely ineffective as soon as all abnormal fat is consumed. A summary of the 500 calorie diet in this manuscript is available here. When the body assimilates from the intestinal tract more fuel than it needs at the moment, this surplus is deposited in what may be compared with a current account. Other mammals make use of a different hormone, which can be extracted from their blood serum but not from their urine. In pregnancy it would be most undesirable if the fetus were offered ample food only when there is a high influx from the intestinal tract. In pregnancy this proportion is reversed and it may he taken for granted that arteriosclerosis never gets worse during pregnancy for this very reason. In an indirect way via the anterior pituitary, HCG regulates menstruation and facilitates conception, but it never virilizes a woman or feminizes a man. It is, for instance, well known that during pregnancy an obese woman can very easily lose weight. By using a technique which will presently be described, the abnormal fat on her hips was transferred to the rest of her body which had been emaciated by months of very severe dieting. These hormones are real gonadotrophins because they directly govern the function of the ovaries. It also provides the springy cushion of hard fat under the bones of the feet, without which we would be unable to walk. The latter are entirely different substances from that which can be extracted from pregnancy urine and which, unfortunately, is called chorionic gonadotrophin. In the human body we can distinguish three kinds of fat. The human type of chorionic gonadotrophin is found only during the pregnancy of women and the great apes. Every physician is familiar with the sylphlike lady who enters the consulting room and declares emphatically that she is getting horribly fat and wishes to reduce. Similarly, the end of a course of HCG should never be made to coincide with menstruation. It has been our experience that those patients who have been taking thyroid preparations for long periods have a slightly lower average loss of weight under treatment with HCG than those who have never taken thyroid. Those patients who have regained their normal weight remain free of symptoms regardless of what they eat, while those that require a second course of treatment get another attack of gout as soon as the. Whether such a structure represents the truth is not important at this moment. On the basis of these data the probable duration of treatment can he calculated with considerable accuracy, and this is explained to the patient. He roasted his meat, but he did not boil it, as he had no pots, and what little he may have grubbed from the Earth and picked from the trees, he ate as he went along. When it was discovered that the thyroid gland controls the rate at which body-fuel is consumed, it was thought that by administering thyroid gland to obese patients their abnormal fat deposits could be burned up more rapidly. When the arms are outstretched with the palms upward, the forearms appear sharply angled outward from the upper arms. It is impressed upon him that he will have to follow the prescribed diet to the letter and that after the first three days this will cost him no effort, as he will feel no hunger and may indeed have difficulty in getting down the 500 Calories which he will be given. Much has been written about the psychological aspects of obesity. This is a rather difficult enterprise in which I may not have succeeded. HCG is never found in the human body except during pregnancy and in those rare cases in which a residue of placental tissue continues to grow in the womb in what is known as a chorionic epithelioma. On the other hand, the diencephalon is an extremely robust organ in spite of its unbelievable intricacy. Many obese patients actually gain weight on a diet which is calorically deficient for their basic needs. The only way to find out is to treat such patients. Our problem thus presents itself as an enquiry into the localization and the nature of the disorder which leads to obesity. While on the question of menstruation it must he added that in teenaged girls the period may in some rare cases be delayed and exceptionally stop altogether. Obese patients only feel physically well as long as they are stationary or gaining weight. Pregnancy seems to be the only normal human condition in which the diencephalic fat-banking capacity is unlimited. In the latter respect they are joined by many other disorders not necessarily associated with obesity. So here again our search for the mechanism which produces obesity led us into a blind alley. It is a very primitive part of the brain and has in man been almost smothered by the huge masses of nervous tissue with which we think, reason and voluntarily move our body. When this center is destroyed in laboratory animals, they develop a condition rather similar to human stable diabetes. The explanation is that in these cases there is a compensatory flow of urine, which drains excessive water from the body. As in pregnancy, this phenomenon is not observed in the brittle type of diabetes, and as some cases that are predominantly stable may have a small brittle factor in their clinical makeup, all obese diabetics have to be kept under a very careful and expert watch. Alternatively, at least three injections should be given after the period, followed by the usual three days of dieting. Among its many functions the diencephalon is also the seat of our primitive animal instincts, and just as in an emergency it can switch energy from one center to another, so it seems to be able to transfer pressure from one instinct to another. In all these cases a loss of weight brought about by dieting, treatments with thyroid, appetite-reducing drugs, laxatives, violent exercise, massage, baths, etc. The loss of hair not infrequently associated with obesity is temporarily arrested, though in very rare cases an increased loss of hair has been reported. The institution of regular meals meant that man had to eat more than his body required at the moment of eating so as to tide him over until the next meal. Only when agreement is reached on the points so far discussed do we proceed with the examination of the patient. This is a complete rendering of the original document, with slight formatting changes to make the paragraphs look nice. Moreover, patients suffering only from a severe lack of thyroid hormone never become obese in the true sense. ) or less require 26 days treatment with 23 daily injections. We never give a treatment lasting less than 26 days, even in patients needing to lose only 5 pounds. This was easy to find out, as in that case, fat on the move would be able to replace food. Before that, w